View source for Dord: The Word the Dictionary Invented by Accident

Oh hey, did you know a real, professionally published dictionary once contained a word that flat-out did not exist, for thirteen years, and nobody who read it ever flagged it? Well, now you do.

== The slip ==
On July 31, 1931, Austin M. Patterson, the chemistry editor for ''Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition'', submitted a routine three-by-five index card. It read "D or d, cont./density," meaning the abbreviation "D" (capital or lowercase) could stand for "density," to be added to the dictionary's existing list of things the letter D abbreviates. Standard entry. Nothing unusual about it.<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/dord-old-fake-word-dictionary-story "Dord": How a Fake Word Slipped Into the Dictionary — Merriam-Webster]</ref>

== The misread ==
Style at Merriam-Webster required a visible space between every letter of a term being defined, so a staffer processing the card years later saw "D o r d" and read it as one continuous word with the spaces just not rendered clearly, rather than as "D or d." When the dictionary published in 1934, "dord" appeared as a genuine headword, defined as a synonym for density used by physicists and chemists, with no etymology and no citation examples, because there weren't any. There couldn't be. Nobody had ever used the word, because it wasn't one.

== Thirteen years on the shelf ==
An editor named Joseph Wright first noticed something was off about the entry in 1939. It had no etymology, which was unusual enough on its own to raise a flag. The fix, though, didn't actually make it into print until the 1947 revision. In between, "dord" sat in a real, purchasable, professionally edited reference work, doing nothing, meaning nothing, waiting.

== The postscript ==
Fifteen years after the correction, Philip Babcock Gove, by then a Merriam-Webster editor and later the editor-in-chief of the far more famous (and more controversial) ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary'', wrote a letter to the journal ''American Speech'' laying out exactly how "dord" happened, card and all.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/journal/americanspeech American Speech — Duke University Press / JSTOR]</ref> That letter is basically the reason anyone knows this story at all, and the general category it named, a word that exists only because of an error in compiling a reference work and not because anyone ever spoke or wrote it, is still called a "ghost word" today.

== Not every fake word is an accident ==
"Dord" is the accidental kind. There's a deliberate kind too. "Esquivalience," defined as "the willful avoidance of one's official responsibilities," was invented from nothing by editor Christine Lindberg and planted in the first edition of the ''New Oxford American Dictionary'' (2001) specifically as a copyright trap: if a competitor's dictionary ever turned up with "esquivalience" in it, that would be proof they'd copied Oxford's text rather than compiling their own. It went unnoticed publicly until 2005, when a ''New Yorker'' writer combing through the "E" section asked the editor-in-chief directly and got a confirmation.<ref>[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/08/29/the-know-it-alls The Know-It-Alls — The New Yorker, 2005]</ref> The twist is that once people knew about it, they started actually using it, and by 2006 "esquivalience" had genuine, real-world usage: a made-up trap word that talked its way into being a real one after getting caught.

== See also ==
* [[OK: The Word Everyone Uses and Nobody Can Agree On]]
* [[Where "Foo" and "Bar" Came From]]

[[Category:Language, Communication, & Internet Culture]]